WRKY

Description

Wu et al. (2005): WRKY transcription factors, originally isolated from plants contain one or two conserved WRKY domains, about 60 amino acid residues with the WRKYGQK sequence followed by a C2H2 or C2HC zinc finger motif. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that the WRKY proteins play significant roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and in development. In this research, we identified 102 putative WRKY genes from the rice genome and compared them with those from Arabidopsis. The WRKY genes from rice and Arabidopsis were divided into three groups with several subgroups on the basis of phylogenies and the basic structure of the WRKY domains (WDs). The phylogenetic trees generated from the WDs and the genes indicate that the WRKY gene family arose during evolution through duplication and that the dramatic amplification of rice WRKY genes in group III is due to tandem and segmental gene duplication compared with those of Arabidopsis. The result suggests that some of the rice WRKY genes in group III are evolutionarily more active than those in Arabidopsis, and may have specific roles in monocotyledonous plants. Further, it was possible to identify the presence of WRKY-like genes in protists (Giardia lamblia and Dictyostelium discoideum) and green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through database research, demonstrating the ancient origin of the gene family. The results obtained by alignments of the WDs from different species and other analysis imply that domain gain and loss is a divergent force for expansion of the WRKY gene family, and that a rapid amplification of the WRKY genes predate the divergence of monocots and dicots. On the basis of these results, we believe that genes encoding a single WD may have been derived from the C-terminal WD of the genes harboring two WDs. The conserved intron splicing positions in the WDs of higher plants offer clues about WRKY gene evolution, annotation, and classification.

References:


1) Eulgem, T; Rushton, PJ; Robatzek, S; Somssich, IE. 2000. The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors. Trends Plant Sci. 5(5):199-206 PubMed
2) Ulker, B; Somssich, IE. 2004. WRKY transcription factors: from DNA binding towards biological function. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7(5):491-8 PubMed
3) Wu, KL; Guo, ZJ; Wang, HH; Li, J. 2005. The WRKY family of transcription factors in rice and Arabidopsis and their origins. DNA Res. 12(1):9-26 PubMed
4) Zhang, Y; Wang, L. 2005. The WRKY transcription factor superfamily: its origin in eukaryotes and expansion in plants. BMC Evol. Biol. 5(1):1 PubMed


Summary

Name: WRKY
Class: TF
Number of species containing the TAP: 116
Number of available proteins: 7603

The colour code corresponds to the rules for the domains:

should be contained
should not be contained

Domain rules:


(Domain names are clickable)


Phylogenetic tree for Archeaplastida:

No tree was calculated yet.



TAP distribution:

The following table shows the distribution of WRKY over all species included in TAPscan. The values for e.g. a specific kingdom are shown in the tree below if you expand the tree for that kingdom.

Minimum Maximum Average Median Standard deviation
021262.526249.76

List of species containing WRKY sorted by kingdomcladesupergrouporderfamily:

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expand kingdom Archaeplastida (8190 proteins in 116 species)
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A list of species letter codes included in the protein names can be found here (opens in new tab).


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